Pregnancy over the age of 25 Family or personal health history of diabetes or pre-diabetes Being overweight at the time of pregnancy (a BMI of 30 or more) Women who are black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander Third pregnancy or greater[4] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U. S. National Institutes of Health Go to source Excessive intrauterine growth during pregnancy[5] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U. S. National Institutes of Health Go to source
Age 45 or older Being overweight Family history of type 2 diabetes Sedentary lifestyle High blood pressure A previous experience of gestational diabetes Having delivered a baby who was 9 pounds or greater
Over 45 years of age Overweight Physical inactivity High blood pressure History of gestational diabetes Delivered a baby over 9 pounds Family history of diabetes Chronic stress[8] X Research source You are black, Hispanic, Native American, Asian, or Pacific Islander
White people have a higher incidence of type 1 diabetes. Cold weather and viruses may trigger the development of type 1 diabetes in susceptible people. Living in a cold region, such as Scandinavia, Finland or the UK, also increases your risk slightly. Early childhood stress. [10] X Trustworthy Source American Heart Association Leading nonprofit that funds medical research and public education Go to source Children who were breast-fed and ate solids at a later age have a lower risk of developing type 1 diabetes even with the genetic predisposition. [11] X Trustworthy Source American Diabetes Association Health-based nonprofit focused on preventing and researching diabetes Go to source If you have an identical twin with type 1 diabetes, you have about a 50% chance of also developing the disease. [12] X Research source
Some women feel very thirsty and need to urinate frequently. However, these are also common signs of any pregnancy. [14] X Research source Some women report that they feel uneasy or uncomfortable after eating foods that are high in carbohydrates or sugar.
You may have pre-diabetes if you have “acanthosis nigricans” on specific areas of your body. This is simply thick, darkened patches of skin that most often appears on the armpits, neck, elbow, knees and knuckles. [16] X Trustworthy Source American Academy of Dermatology Professional organization made of over 20,000 certified dermatologists Go to source You might experience a feeling of uneasiness after eating a meal high in carbohydrates or sugars. Your doctor may test for pre-diabetes if you have elevated cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, or other hormonal imbalances, such as metabolic syndrome, or if you are overweight.
Unexplained weight loss Blurred vision or other noticeable changes in your vision Increased thirst from high blood sugar Increased need to urinate Fatigue and drowsiness, even with adequate sleep Tingling or numbness in the feet or hands Frequent or recurring infections in the bladder, skin or mouth Shakiness or hunger in the middle of the morning or afternoon Cuts and scrapes appear to heal more slowly Dry, itchy skin or unusual bumps or blisters Feeling more hungry than usual.
Excessive thirst Increased urination Vaginal yeast infections in women Irritability Blurred vision Unexplained weight loss Unusual bedwetting in children Extreme hunger Fatigue and weakness
Deep rapid breathing Flushed face, dry skin and mouth Fruity breath Nausea and vomiting Stomach pain Confusion or lethargy
A fasting glucose blood test is done after you haven’t had anything to eat for at least eight hours. If it is an emergency, your doctor will do a random blood glucose test regardless of whether you have eaten recently. A two-hour postprandial test is done two hours after eating a specific number of carbohydrates to test your body’s ability to handle the sugar load. This test is usually done in a hospital so they can measure the number of carbs eaten before the test. An oral glucose tolerance test requires you to drink a high glucose fluid. They will test your blood and urine every 30-60 minutes to measure how well the body is able to tolerate the additional load. This test is not done if the doctor suspects type 1 diabetes.
If your blood sugar is higher than 240 mg/dL. During an illness such as pneumonia, stroke or heart attack. If you experience nausea and vomiting. During pregnancy.
An annual eye exam Evaluation for diabetic neuropathy in the feet Regular (at least annual) blood pressure monitoring Annual kidney testing Dental cleaning every 6 months Regular cholesterol testing Regular visits with your primary care doctor or endocrinologist
Beans and legumes Non-starchy vegetables (most vegetables, except foods like parsnips, plantains, potatoes, pumpkin, squash, peas, corn) Most fruits (except for certain fruits such as dried fruits, bananas, and grapes) Whole grains, such as steel cut oats, bran, whole-grain pasta, barley, bulgur, brown rice, quinoa Don’t limit your fiber. Instead, subtract it off the total carbohydrates (per serving size) on the Nutrition label. Fiber is not digested and actually prevents blood sugar spikes, resulting in better control of blood sugar levels.
Rapid acting insulin is taken before meals, and often in combination with long acting insulin. Short acting insulin is taken about 30 minutes before meals, and usually in combination with longer acting insulin. Intermediate acting insulin is usually taken twice a day, and lowers glucose when the short or rapid acting insulin stops working. Long acting insulin can be used to cover the time when the rapid and short acting insulin stops working.
Ask your doctor if these drugs are right for you.
