Genetic makeup. Some mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression, are strongly linked to genetics. If anyone else in your family has been diagnosed with mental illness, you may be more vulnerable to developing one due simply to your genetic makeup. Physiological damage. Injuries such as severe head trauma, or exposure to viruses, bacteria, or toxins during fetal development, can lead to mental illness. Abuse of illegal drugs and/or alcohol can also cause or worsen mental illness. Chronic medical conditions. Chronic medical conditions, such as cancer and other long-term severe illnesses, can elevate your risk for developing mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression.
Difficult life experiences. Highly emotional or distressing situations in life can trigger mental illness in a person. This can be concentrated in a moment, such as the loss of a loved one, or drawn out, such as a history of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse. Experience in combat or as an emergency responder can also trigger mental illness. Stress. Stress can worsen existing mental illness and can also cause mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety. Family conflicts, financial difficulties, and work concerns can all be sources of stress. Loneliness. Not having a strong support network, having few friends, and lacking healthy relationships can trigger or worsen mental illness.
Feelings of sadness or irritability Feelings of confusion or disorientation Feelings of apathy or loss of interest Excessive worrying and anger/hostility/violence Feeling afraid/paranoia Trouble coping with emotions Difficulty concentrating Difficulty handling responsibilities Seclusion or social withdrawal Sleeping problems Delusions and/or hallucinations Ideas that are strange, grandiose, or detached from reality Alcohol or drug abuse Significant changes in eating habits or sex drive Suicidal thoughts or plans
Fatigue Back, chest, and/or pains Rapid heart rate Dry mouth Digestive problems Headaches Sweating Drastic changes in weight Dizziness Dramatic changes in sleep patterns
Psychiatrists are medical doctors who have completed a psychiatric residency. They are the most extensively trained psychological professionals and are usually the best source to help you manage prescription medications. They are also trained in the diagnosis of mental illnesses, including severe illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychologists have a doctoral degree in psychology and have usually completed internships or residencies in mental health facilities. They can diagnose mental illnesses, administer psychological tests, and provide psychotherapy. Unless they have a special license, they usually cannot write prescriptions. Psychiatric or Mental Health Nurse Practitioners have at least a master’s degree and specialized training in mental health. They can diagnose mental illnesses and prescribe medication. In some cases they can also provide psychotherapy. Depending on your state, they may be required to work in conjunction with a psychiatrist. Social Workers have at least a master’s degree in social work. Licensed Clinical Social Workers have completed internships or residencies in mental health facilities and have had training in mental health counseling. They can provide therapy but cannot prescribe medications. They are usually very familiar with social support systems and resources. Counselors have a graduate degree in counseling and have usually completed internships in mental health facilities. They tend to focus on particular mental health issues such as addictions and substance abuse, although they can provide counseling for a variety of mental health issues. They cannot prescribe medications, and in many states they cannot diagnose mental illness. Physicians usually do not have extensive training in mental health, but they can prescribe medications and can also help you manage your holistic health.
Your doctor may also be able to refer you to a trained mental health professional in your area. An official mental health diagnosis is required for individuals to apply for Social Security psychiatric disability support and to ensure that you are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act. [9] X Trustworthy Source National Alliance on Mental Illness Grassroots mental health-focused organization providing resources, support, and education for those affected by mental illness Go to source
Be sure to clarify any specific requirements of your insurance plan. For example, you may need to obtain a referral from your primary doctor to see a psychiatrist, or there may be certain session limits placed on therapy. If you do not have health insurance, look for a community mental health center in your area. These centers often provide free or very low-cost treatment to low-income or uninsured individuals. Some large universities and medical schools also have low-cost clinics.
If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts or plans, seek help immediately. If you’re in the United States, the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is available to call, free of charge, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. [10] X Research source If you’re outside of the United States, contact your country’s suicide prevention hotline. You can also contact emergency services by dialing 911 (or your local equivalent). [11] X Research source
Be very open and honest with your therapist about the symptoms you’re feeling. Also, ask about your treatment options, like medication, herbal remedies, or newer treatments in the field. [12] X Research source Padam Bhatia, MD. Psychiatrist. Personal interview. 12 May 2020. In addition, ask about the prognosis for your condition. Many psychiatric diagnoses are not curable, so be curious about how long you might be in treatment or whether it will last indefinitely, as well as how long you might need to take a medication or whether it’s addictive. [13] X Research source Padam Bhatia, MD. Psychiatrist. Personal interview. 12 May 2020. You should also ask your provider what you can do to help the process. While you cannot cure or treat mental illness on your own, there are things you can do to help promote your own mental health; discuss these with your provider.
The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) is a good place to start. They have a help-line and a directory of support resources. [15] X Trustworthy Source National Alliance on Mental Illness Grassroots mental health-focused organization providing resources, support, and education for those affected by mental illness Go to source
You may find it helpful to seek instruction from a trained meditation or mindfulness expert first and then continue on your own. NAMI, mindful. org[17] X Research source , and howtomeditate. org all provide tips for learning how to meditate.
You may need to be particularly mindful of your diet and exercise habits if you have an eating disorder such as anorexia, bulimia, or binge-eating. Consult with a professional to ensure that you are maintaining healthy habits.
Alcohol should not be consumed at all while you are on certain prescription medications. Talk with your prescribing physician about how to manage your medications.
